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 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "ch01-hw-title",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Homework\n",
    "\n",
    "- Use this assignment to practice the chapter's concepts and coding skills in runnable Python code.\n",
    "- Sign in from the account menu before you start working on the assignment.\n",
    "- Write and run your code directly in the coding cells.\n",
    "- Multiple submissions are allowed. The highest score is kept.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "ch01-hw-q1",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "::::{div} assignment-question-card\n",
    "\n",
    "**1. Data Science in a Retail Decision**\n",
    "\n",
    "A retail team combines sales records, Python summaries, statistics, merchandising knowledge, and a manager-facing recommendation to decide which products to reorder. Calling this work data science is appropriate.\n",
    "\n",
    "<div class=\"tf-options\" role=\"radiogroup\" aria-label=\"Question 1 answer\">\n",
    "  <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"ch01-hw-q1\" value=\"true\"> True</label>\n",
    "  <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"ch01-hw-q1\" value=\"false\"> False</label>\n",
    "</div>\n",
    "\n",
    "::::\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "ch01-hw-q1-solution",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "hide-input"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "### Solution\n",
    "# True\n",
    "# The work combines data, computing, statistics, domain expertise, and communication for a decision."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "ch01-hw-q2",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "::::{div} assignment-question-card\n",
    "\n",
    "**2. Data Without Context**\n",
    "\n",
    "A marketing analyst has click data but does not know the campaign goal, product margins, or customer segment. The analyst can still decide the best campaign from the data alone.\n",
    "\n",
    "<div class=\"tf-options\" role=\"radiogroup\" aria-label=\"Question 2 answer\">\n",
    "  <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"ch01-hw-q2\" value=\"true\"> True</label>\n",
    "  <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"ch01-hw-q2\" value=\"false\"> False</label>\n",
    "</div>\n",
    "\n",
    "::::\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "ch01-hw-q2-solution",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "hide-input"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "### Solution\n",
    "# False\n",
    "# The data needs domain context before it can support a useful decision."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "ch01-hw-q3",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "::::{div} assignment-question-card\n",
    "\n",
    "**3. Descriptive Questions**\n",
    "\n",
    "A store manager asks, \"How many returns did each product category have last month?\" This is mainly a descriptive data science question.\n",
    "\n",
    "<div class=\"tf-options\" role=\"radiogroup\" aria-label=\"Question 3 answer\">\n",
    "  <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"ch01-hw-q3\" value=\"true\"> True</label>\n",
    "  <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"ch01-hw-q3\" value=\"false\"> False</label>\n",
    "</div>\n",
    "\n",
    "::::\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "ch01-hw-q3-solution",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "hide-input"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "### Solution\n",
    "# True\n",
    "# The question summarizes what already happened."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "ch01-hw-q4",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "::::{div} assignment-question-card\n",
    "\n",
    "**4. Predictive and Prescriptive Questions**\n",
    "\n",
    "An operations director asks, \"Which shipments are most likely to arrive late next week?\" This is mainly a prescriptive question.\n",
    "\n",
    "<div class=\"tf-options\" role=\"radiogroup\" aria-label=\"Question 4 answer\">\n",
    "  <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"ch01-hw-q4\" value=\"true\"> True</label>\n",
    "  <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"ch01-hw-q4\" value=\"false\"> False</label>\n",
    "</div>\n",
    "\n",
    "::::\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "ch01-hw-q4-solution",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "hide-input"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "### Solution\n",
    "# False\n",
    "# The question estimates a future outcome, so it is predictive. A prescriptive question would recommend an action."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "ch01-hw-q5",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "::::{div} assignment-question-card\n",
    "\n",
    "**5. Formal Language Rules**\n",
    "\n",
    "A finance script has the right formula but is missing a closing quote in one `print()` statement. Because the business idea is correct, Python syntax rules will not affect whether the program runs.\n",
    "\n",
    "<div class=\"tf-options\" role=\"radiogroup\" aria-label=\"Question 5 answer\">\n",
    "  <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"ch01-hw-q5\" value=\"true\"> True</label>\n",
    "  <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"ch01-hw-q5\" value=\"false\"> False</label>\n",
    "</div>\n",
    "\n",
    "::::\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "ch01-hw-q5-solution",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "hide-input"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "### Solution\n",
    "# False\n",
    "# Python is a formal language; syntax errors can stop a program before the business logic runs."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "ch01-hw-q6-code",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "thebe-interactive"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "### 6. Classify Management Questions\n",
    "# A customer success team is reviewing subscription cancellations.\n",
    "# Store the correct label for each question: descriptive, predictive, or prescriptive.\n",
    "# Then print each label with the question name.\n",
    "#\n",
    "# question_a: How many customers canceled last month?\n",
    "# question_b: Which customers are most likely to cancel next month?\n",
    "# question_c: Which retention offer should we send first?\n",
    "\n",
    "question_a = \"\"\n",
    "question_b = \"\"\n",
    "question_c = \"\"\n",
    "\n",
    "### Your code starts here.\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "### Your code ends here.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "ch01-hw-q6-solution",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "hide-input",
     "homework-answer"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Question A: descriptive\n",
      "Question B: predictive\n",
      "Question C: prescriptive\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "### Solution\n",
    "question_a = \"descriptive\"\n",
    "question_b = \"predictive\"\n",
    "question_c = \"prescriptive\"\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"Question A:\", question_a)\n",
    "print(\"Question B:\", question_b)\n",
    "print(\"Question C:\", question_c)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "ch01-hw-q7-code",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "thebe-interactive"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "### 7. Write a Stakeholder Status Line\n",
    "# The lab asked you to print technical values. Here, turn values into a concise status line.\n",
    "# Use an f-string and the variables below to print exactly:\n",
    "# North store has 7 late shipments out of 80.\n",
    "\n",
    "store = \"North\"\n",
    "late_shipments = 7\n",
    "total_shipments = 80\n",
    "\n",
    "### Your code starts here.\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "### Your code ends here.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "ch01-hw-q7-solution",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "hide-input",
     "homework-answer"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "North store has 7 late shipments out of 80.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "### Solution\n",
    "store = \"North\"\n",
    "late_shipments = 7\n",
    "total_shipments = 80\n",
    "\n",
    "print(f\"{store} store has {late_shipments} late shipments out of {total_shipments}.\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "ch01-hw-q8-code",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "thebe-interactive"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "### 8. Fix a Syntax Error\n",
    "# The lab asked you to write correct statements. Here, practice recognizing broken syntax.\n",
    "# The two lines below have syntax problems:\n",
    "# print(\"DSM homework\"\n",
    "# print(\"Syntax fixed.\")\n",
    "# Write corrected code that prints exactly:\n",
    "# DSM homework\n",
    "# Syntax fixed.\n",
    "\n",
    "### Your code starts here.\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "### Your code ends here.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "ch01-hw-q8-solution",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "hide-input",
     "homework-answer"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "DSM homework\n",
      "Syntax fixed.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "### Solution\n",
    "print(\"DSM homework\")\n",
    "print(\"Syntax fixed.\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "ch01-hw-q9-code",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "thebe-interactive"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "### 9. Build an Inventory Code\n",
    "# The lab printed separate number-system and character-code values.\n",
    "# Here, combine those pieces into one inventory code.\n",
    "# Use ord() and hex() with the variables below to print exactly:\n",
    "# Inventory code: R-82-0x2d\n",
    "\n",
    "category = \"R\"\n",
    "item_id = 45\n",
    "\n",
    "### Your code starts here.\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "### Your code ends here.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "id": "ch01-hw-q9-solution",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "hide-input",
     "homework-answer"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Inventory code: R-82-0x2d\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "### Solution\n",
    "category = \"R\"\n",
    "item_id = 45\n",
    "category_code = ord(category)\n",
    "item_hex = hex(item_id)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(f\"Inventory code: {category}-{category_code}-{item_hex}\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "ch01-hw-q10-code",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "thebe-interactive"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "### 10. Calculate Audit Metrics\n",
    "# The lab calculated an order total. Here, calculate simple management metrics from case counts.\n",
    "# Use the variables below to calculate open_cases and closure_rate.\n",
    "# Print exactly:\n",
    "# Open cases: 17\n",
    "# Closure rate: 0.67\n",
    "\n",
    "starting_cases = 20\n",
    "new_cases = 7\n",
    "closed_cases = 10\n",
    "assigned_cases = 15\n",
    "\n",
    "### Your code starts here.\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "### Your code ends here.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "ch01-hw-q10-solution",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "hide-input",
     "homework-answer"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Open cases: 17\n",
      "Closure rate: 0.67\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "### Solution\n",
    "starting_cases = 20\n",
    "new_cases = 7\n",
    "closed_cases = 10\n",
    "assigned_cases = 15\n",
    "\n",
    "open_cases = starting_cases + new_cases - closed_cases\n",
    "closure_rate = closed_cases / assigned_cases\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"Open cases:\", open_cases)\n",
    "print(\"Closure rate:\", round(closure_rate, 2))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "ch01-hw-submit",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<style>\n",
    ".ch01-hw-grader { max-width: 900px; margin-top: 1rem; }\n",
    ".ch01-hw-feedback-list { display: grid; gap: 0.45rem; margin: 0 0 1rem; }\n",
    ".ch01-hw-feedback-list[hidden] { display: none; }\n",
    ".ch01-hw-feedback-row { border: 1px solid #d8dee4; border-radius: 6px; padding: 0.55rem 0.65rem; }\n",
    ".ch01-hw-feedback-row strong { margin-right: 0.35rem; }\n",
    ".ch01-hw-feedback-row.correct { border-color: #aceebb; background: #dafbe1; color: #116329; }\n",
    ".ch01-hw-feedback-row.incorrect { border-color: #ffcecb; background: #ffebe9; color: #cf222e; }\n",
    ".ch01-hw-actions { display: flex; gap: 0.75rem; align-items: center; margin: 1rem 0 0; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n",
    ".ch01-hw-actions button { border: 1px solid #176de8; border-radius: 6px; background: #176de8; color: white; padding: 0.55rem 0.9rem; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 600; }\n",
    ".ch01-hw-actions button.secondary { background: white; color: #176de8; }\n",
    ".ch01-hw-actions.is-locked { opacity: 0.55; }\n",
    ".ch01-hw-actions button:disabled { cursor: not-allowed; opacity: 0.65; }\n",
    ".ch01-hw-result { font-weight: 700; }\n",
    "</style>\n",
    "\n",
    "<div class='ch01-hw-grader' id='ch01-hw-grader'>\n",
    "  <div class='ch01-hw-feedback-list' aria-live='polite' hidden>\n",
    "    <div class='ch01-hw-feedback-row' data-question='q1'><strong>Question 1</strong><span></span></div>\n",
    "    <div class='ch01-hw-feedback-row' data-question='q2'><strong>Question 2</strong><span></span></div>\n",
    "    <div class='ch01-hw-feedback-row' data-question='q3'><strong>Question 3</strong><span></span></div>\n",
    "    <div class='ch01-hw-feedback-row' data-question='q4'><strong>Question 4</strong><span></span></div>\n",
    "    <div class='ch01-hw-feedback-row' data-question='q5'><strong>Question 5</strong><span></span></div>\n",
    "    <div class='ch01-hw-feedback-row' data-question='q6'><strong>Question 6</strong><span></span></div>\n",
    "    <div class='ch01-hw-feedback-row' data-question='q7'><strong>Question 7</strong><span></span></div>\n",
    "    <div class='ch01-hw-feedback-row' data-question='q8'><strong>Question 8</strong><span></span></div>\n",
    "    <div class='ch01-hw-feedback-row' data-question='q9'><strong>Question 9</strong><span></span></div>\n",
    "    <div class='ch01-hw-feedback-row' data-question='q10'><strong>Question 10</strong><span></span></div>\n",
    "  </div>\n",
    "  <div class='ch01-hw-actions'>\n",
    "    <button type='button' id='ch01-hw-submit' disabled>Submit</button>\n",
    "    <button type='button' class='secondary' id='ch01-hw-reset'>Clear Results</button>\n",
    "    <span class='ch01-hw-result' id='ch01-hw-result' aria-live='polite'></span>\n",
    "  </div>\n",
    "</div>\n",
    "\n",
    "<script>\n",
    "(function () {\n",
    "  var homeworkId = 'ch01-homework';\n",
    "\n",
    "  function getParams() {\n",
    "    var params = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);\n",
    "    return {\n",
    "      canvas_course_id: params.get('canvas_course_id') || params.get('course_id') || '',\n",
    "      canvas_assignment_id: params.get('canvas_assignment_id') || params.get('assignment_id') || '',\n",
    "      canvas_user_id: params.get('canvas_user_id') || params.get('user_id') || ''\n",
    "    };\n",
    "  }\n",
    "\n",
    "  function loadSessionIdentity(identity, actions, submit, result) {\n",
    "    submit.disabled = true;\n",
    "    actions.classList.add('is-locked');\n",
    "    result.textContent = 'Sign in from the account menu to submit this assignment.';\n",
    "\n",
    "    return fetch('/api/v1/session.php', { credentials: 'same-origin' })\n",
    "      .then(function (response) { return response.ok ? response.json() : null; })\n",
    "      .then(function (payload) {\n",
    "        if (!payload || !payload.authenticated || !payload.identity) return identity;\n",
    "        identity.canvas_user_id = payload.identity.canvas_user_id || identity.canvas_user_id || '';\n",
    "        identity.student_identifier = payload.identity.student_identifier || '';\n",
    "        submit.disabled = false;\n",
    "        actions.classList.remove('is-locked');\n",
    "        result.textContent = payload.identity.display_name ? 'Signed in as ' + payload.identity.display_name + '.' : 'Signed in.';\n",
    "        return identity;\n",
    "      })\n",
    "      .catch(function () { return identity; });\n",
    "  }\n",
    "\n",
    "  function codeFromCell(cell) {\n",
    "    var cm = cell.querySelector('.CodeMirror');\n",
    "    if (cm && cm.CodeMirror && typeof cm.CodeMirror.getValue === 'function') return cm.CodeMirror.getValue();\n",
    "    var cmContent = cell.querySelector('.cm-content');\n",
    "    if (cmContent && cmContent.cmView && cmContent.cmView.view) return cmContent.cmView.view.state.doc.toString();\n",
    "    var textarea = cell.querySelector('textarea');\n",
    "    if (textarea) return textarea.value;\n",
    "    var pre = cell.querySelector('.cell_input pre');\n",
    "    return pre ? pre.textContent : '';\n",
    "  }\n",
    "\n",
    "  function collectCodeCells() {\n",
    "    var cells = Array.prototype.slice.call(document.querySelectorAll('div.cell.tag_thebe-interactive')).slice(0, 5);\n",
    "    var code = {};\n",
    "    cells.forEach(function (cell, index) {\n",
    "      code['q' + (index + 6)] = codeFromCell(cell);\n",
    "    });\n",
    "    return code;\n",
    "  }\n",
    "\n",
    "  function collectAnswers() {\n",
    "    var answers = {};\n",
    "    ['q1', 'q2', 'q3', 'q4', 'q5'].forEach(function (question) {\n",
    "      var checked = document.querySelector('input[name=\"ch01-hw-' + question + '\"]:checked');\n",
    "      answers[question] = checked ? checked.value : '';\n",
    "    });\n",
    "    return answers;\n",
    "  }\n",
    "\n",
    "  function applyFeedback(grader, feedback) {\n",
    "    var list = grader.querySelector('.ch01-hw-feedback-list');\n",
    "    list.hidden = false;\n",
    "    ['q1', 'q2', 'q3', 'q4', 'q5', 'q6', 'q7', 'q8', 'q9', 'q10'].forEach(function (question) {\n",
    "      var row = grader.querySelector('[data-question=' + question + ']');\n",
    "      var message = row.querySelector('span');\n",
    "      var item = feedback[question];\n",
    "      row.className = 'ch01-hw-feedback-row';\n",
    "      if (!item) return;\n",
    "      message.textContent = item.message + ' (' + item.score + ' / ' + item.max_score + ')';\n",
    "      row.classList.add(item.correct ? 'correct' : 'incorrect');\n",
    "    });\n",
    "  }\n",
    "\n",
    "  function clearFeedback(grader) {\n",
    "    var list = grader.querySelector('.ch01-hw-feedback-list');\n",
    "    list.hidden = true;\n",
    "    grader.querySelectorAll('.ch01-hw-feedback-row').forEach(function (row) {\n",
    "      row.className = 'ch01-hw-feedback-row';\n",
    "      var message = row.querySelector('span');\n",
    "      if (message) message.textContent = '';\n",
    "    });\n",
    "  }\n",
    "\n",
    "  function saveAttempt(payload) {\n",
    "    return fetch('/api/v1/homework-attempts.php', {\n",
    "      method: 'POST',\n",
    "      headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },\n",
    "      credentials: 'same-origin',\n",
    "      body: JSON.stringify(payload)\n",
    "    }).then(function (response) {\n",
    "      return response.text().then(function (text) {\n",
    "        var payload = text ? JSON.parse(text) : null;\n",
    "        if (!payload || !response.ok || !payload.ok) {\n",
    "          throw new Error((payload && (payload.message || payload.error)) || 'Submission API is unavailable.');\n",
    "        }\n",
    "        return payload;\n",
    "      });\n",
    "    });\n",
    "  }\n",
    "\n",
    "  function initHomeworkGrader() {\n",
    "    var grader = document.getElementById('ch01-hw-grader');\n",
    "    if (!grader || grader.dataset.ready === 'true') return;\n",
    "    grader.dataset.ready = 'true';\n",
    "\n",
    "    var identity = getParams();\n",
    "    var actions = grader.querySelector('.ch01-hw-actions');\n",
    "    var result = document.getElementById('ch01-hw-result');\n",
    "    var submit = document.getElementById('ch01-hw-submit');\n",
    "    var reset = document.getElementById('ch01-hw-reset');\n",
    "\n",
    "    loadSessionIdentity(identity, actions, submit, result);\n",
    "\n",
    "    submit.addEventListener('click', function () {\n",
    "      clearFeedback(grader);\n",
    "      submit.disabled = true;\n",
    "      result.textContent = 'Submitting homework.';\n",
    "\n",
    "      saveAttempt({\n",
    "        homework_id: homeworkId,\n",
    "        answers: collectAnswers(),\n",
    "        code: collectCodeCells(),\n",
    "        canvas_course_id: identity.canvas_course_id,\n",
    "        canvas_assignment_id: identity.canvas_assignment_id,\n",
    "        canvas_user_id: identity.canvas_user_id\n",
    "      })\n",
    "        .then(function (payload) {\n",
    "          var best = (payload.best_score === null || typeof payload.best_score === 'undefined') ? payload.score : payload.best_score;\n",
    "          var attempt = (payload.attempt_count === null || typeof payload.attempt_count === 'undefined') ? '' : ' Attempt ' + payload.attempt_count + '.';\n",
    "          applyFeedback(grader, payload.feedback || {});\n",
    "          result.textContent = 'Submission saved.' + attempt + ' Score: ' + payload.score + ' / ' + payload.max_score + '. Best score: ' + best + ' / ' + payload.max_score + '. Canvas sync: ' + payload.canvas_sync_status + '.';\n",
    "        })\n",
    "        .catch(function (error) {\n",
    "          result.textContent = 'Could not save this attempt: ' + error.message;\n",
    "        })\n",
    "        .finally(function () {\n",
    "          submit.disabled = false;\n",
    "        });\n",
    "    });\n",
    "\n",
    "    reset.addEventListener('click', function () {\n",
    "      clearFeedback(grader);\n",
    "      result.textContent = '';\n",
    "    });\n",
    "  }\n",
    "\n",
    "  if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n",
    "    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', initHomeworkGrader);\n",
    "  } else {\n",
    "    initHomeworkGrader();\n",
    "  }\n",
    "})();\n",
    "</script>\n"
   ]
  }
 ]
}