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   "source": [
    "# Lab\n",
    "\n",
    "- Use this assignment to practice the chapter's concepts and coding skills in runnable Python code.\n",
    "- Sign in from the account menu before you start working on the assignment.\n",
    "- Write and run your code directly in the coding cells.\n",
    "- Multiple submissions are allowed. The highest score is kept.\n",
    "\n",
    "<div data-lab-answers-release-at=\"2099-12-31T23:59:00-06:00\"></div>\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "thebe-interactive"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "### Question 1: Choose a Chart Type\n",
    "# Choose chart types for three management questions.\n",
    "# Use the words line, bar, and scatter.\n",
    "# Print exactly:\n",
    "# Trend chart: line\n",
    "# Comparison chart: bar\n",
    "# Relationship chart: scatter\n",
    "questions = [\"monthly revenue trend\", \"regional sales comparison\", \"price and demand relationship\"]\n",
    "### Your code starts here.\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "### Your code ends here.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "hide-input",
     "lab-answer"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Trend chart: line\n",
      "Comparison chart: bar\n",
      "Relationship chart: scatter\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "### Solution\n",
    "questions = [\"monthly revenue trend\", \"regional sales comparison\", \"price and demand relationship\"]\n",
    "\n",
    "trend_chart = \"line\"\n",
    "comparison_chart = \"bar\"\n",
    "relationship_chart = \"scatter\"\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"Trend chart:\", trend_chart)\n",
    "print(\"Comparison chart:\", comparison_chart)\n",
    "print(\"Relationship chart:\", relationship_chart)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "thebe-interactive"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "### Question 2: Prepare Plot Data\n",
    "# Pair each month with its revenue for plotting.\n",
    "# Store the pairs in plot_points.\n",
    "# Print exactly:\n",
    "# First point: Jan 120\n",
    "# Last point: Mar 150\n",
    "months = [\"Jan\", \"Feb\", \"Mar\"]\n",
    "revenue = [120, 135, 150]\n",
    "### Your code starts here.\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "### Your code ends here.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "hide-input",
     "lab-answer"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "First point: Jan 120\n",
      "Last point: Mar 150\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "### Solution\n",
    "months = [\"Jan\", \"Feb\", \"Mar\"]\n",
    "revenue = [120, 135, 150]\n",
    "\n",
    "plot_points = []\n",
    "index = 0\n",
    "for month in months:\n",
    "    plot_points.append([month, revenue[index]])\n",
    "    index = index + 1\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"First point:\", plot_points[0][0], plot_points[0][1])\n",
    "print(\"Last point:\", plot_points[-1][0], plot_points[-1][1])\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "thebe-interactive"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "### Question 3: Histogram Bins\n",
    "# Count survey scores into low, medium, and high bins.\n",
    "# Low is below 4, medium is 4 through 7, and high is above 7.\n",
    "# Print exactly:\n",
    "# Low: 2\n",
    "# Medium: 4\n",
    "# High: 2\n",
    "scores = [2, 4, 6, 8, 7, 3, 9, 5]\n",
    "### Your code starts here.\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "### Your code ends here.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "hide-input",
     "lab-answer"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Low: 2\n",
      "Medium: 4\n",
      "High: 2\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "### Solution\n",
    "scores = [2, 4, 6, 8, 7, 3, 9, 5]\n",
    "\n",
    "low = 0\n",
    "medium = 0\n",
    "high = 0\n",
    "for score in scores:\n",
    "    if score < 4:\n",
    "        low = low + 1\n",
    "    elif score <= 7:\n",
    "        medium = medium + 1\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        high = high + 1\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"Low:\", low)\n",
    "print(\"Medium:\", medium)\n",
    "print(\"High:\", high)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "thebe-interactive"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "### Question 4: Bar Chart Labels\n",
    "# Build labels for a bar chart from region names and sales values.\n",
    "# Store them in chart_labels.\n",
    "# Print exactly:\n",
    "# Chart title: Sales by Region\n",
    "# First label: East: 240\n",
    "regions = [\"East\", \"West\", \"South\"]\n",
    "sales = [240, 210, 180]\n",
    "### Your code starts here.\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "### Your code ends here.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "hide-input",
     "lab-answer"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Chart title: Sales by Region\n",
      "First label: East: 240\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "### Solution\n",
    "regions = [\"East\", \"West\", \"South\"]\n",
    "sales = [240, 210, 180]\n",
    "\n",
    "chart_title = \"Sales by Region\"\n",
    "chart_labels = []\n",
    "index = 0\n",
    "for region in regions:\n",
    "    chart_labels.append(region + \": \" + str(sales[index]))\n",
    "    index = index + 1\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"Chart title:\", chart_title)\n",
    "print(\"First label:\", chart_labels[0])\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "thebe-interactive"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "### Question 5: Identify Outliers\n",
    "# Find values that are far above the rest of the monthly counts.\n",
    "# Treat values greater than 100 as outliers.\n",
    "# Print exactly:\n",
    "# Regular count: 5\n",
    "# Outliers: [210]\n",
    "counts = [42, 38, 45, 41, 39, 210]\n",
    "### Your code starts here.\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "### Your code ends here.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "hide-input",
     "lab-answer"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Regular count: 5\n",
      "Outliers: [210]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "### Solution\n",
    "counts = [42, 38, 45, 41, 39, 210]\n",
    "\n",
    "regular_count = 0\n",
    "outliers = []\n",
    "for count in counts:\n",
    "    if count > 100:\n",
    "        outliers.append(count)\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        regular_count = regular_count + 1\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"Regular count:\", regular_count)\n",
    "print(\"Outliers:\", outliers)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
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    ".ch05-lab-actions button:disabled { cursor: not-allowed; opacity: 0.65; }\n",
    ".ch05-lab-result { font-weight: 700; }\n",
    "</style>\n",
    "\n",
    "<div class='ch05-lab-grader' id='ch05-lab-grader'>\n",
    "  <div class='ch05-lab-feedback-list' aria-live='polite' hidden>\n",
    "    <div class='ch05-lab-feedback-row' data-question='q1'><strong>Question 1</strong><span></span></div>\n",
    "    <div class='ch05-lab-feedback-row' data-question='q2'><strong>Question 2</strong><span></span></div>\n",
    "    <div class='ch05-lab-feedback-row' data-question='q3'><strong>Question 3</strong><span></span></div>\n",
    "    <div class='ch05-lab-feedback-row' data-question='q4'><strong>Question 4</strong><span></span></div>\n",
    "    <div class='ch05-lab-feedback-row' data-question='q5'><strong>Question 5</strong><span></span></div>\n",
    "  </div>\n",
    "  <div class='ch05-lab-actions'>\n",
    "    <button type='button' id='ch05-lab-submit' disabled>Submit</button>\n",
    "    <button type='button' class='secondary' id='ch05-lab-reset'>Clear Results</button>\n",
    "    <span class='ch05-lab-result' id='ch05-lab-result' aria-live='polite'></span>\n",
    "  </div>\n",
    "</div>\n",
    "\n",
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    "      canvas_user_id: params.get('canvas_user_id') || params.get('user_id') || ''\n",
    "    };\n",
    "  }\n",
    "\n",
    "  function loadSessionIdentity(identity, actions, submit, result) {\n",
    "    submit.disabled = true;\n",
    "    actions.classList.add('is-locked');\n",
    "    result.textContent = 'Sign in from the account menu to submit this assignment.';\n",
    "\n",
    "    return fetch('/api/v1/session.php', { credentials: 'same-origin' })\n",
    "      .then(function (response) { return response.ok ? response.json() : null; })\n",
    "      .then(function (payload) {\n",
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    "        identity.canvas_user_id = payload.identity.canvas_user_id || identity.canvas_user_id || '';\n",
    "        identity.student_identifier = payload.identity.student_identifier || '';\n",
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    "        actions.classList.remove('is-locked');\n",
    "        result.textContent = payload.identity.display_name ? 'Signed in as ' + payload.identity.display_name + '.' : 'Signed in.';\n",
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    "      })\n",
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    "    var pre = cell.querySelector('.cell_input pre');\n",
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    "  }\n",
    "\n",
    "  function collectCodeCells() {\n",
    "    var cells = Array.prototype.slice.call(document.querySelectorAll('div.cell.tag_thebe-interactive')).slice(0, 5);\n",
    "    var code = {};\n",
    "    cells.forEach(function (cell, index) {\n",
    "      code['q' + (index + 1)] = codeFromCell(cell);\n",
    "    });\n",
    "    return code;\n",
    "  }\n",
    "\n",
    "  function applyFeedback(grader, feedback) {\n",
    "    var list = grader.querySelector('.ch05-lab-feedback-list');\n",
    "    list.hidden = false;\n",
    "    ['q1', 'q2', 'q3', 'q4', 'q5'].forEach(function (question) {\n",
    "      var row = grader.querySelector('[data-question=' + question + ']');\n",
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    "      row.classList.add(item.correct ? 'correct' : 'incorrect');\n",
    "    });\n",
    "  }\n",
    "\n",
    "  function clearFeedback(grader) {\n",
    "    var list = grader.querySelector('.ch05-lab-feedback-list');\n",
    "    list.hidden = true;\n",
    "    grader.querySelectorAll('.ch05-lab-feedback-row').forEach(function (row) {\n",
    "      row.className = 'ch05-lab-feedback-row';\n",
    "      var message = row.querySelector('span');\n",
    "      if (message) message.textContent = '';\n",
    "    });\n",
    "  }\n",
    "\n",
    "  function saveAttempt(payload) {\n",
    "    return fetch('/api/v1/lab-attempts.php', {\n",
    "      method: 'POST',\n",
    "      headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },\n",
    "      credentials: 'same-origin',\n",
    "      body: JSON.stringify(payload)\n",
    "    }).then(function (response) {\n",
    "      return response.text().then(function (text) {\n",
    "        var payload = text ? JSON.parse(text) : null;\n",
    "        if (!payload || !response.ok || !payload.ok) {\n",
    "          throw new Error((payload && (payload.message || payload.error)) || 'Submission API is unavailable.');\n",
    "        }\n",
    "        return payload;\n",
    "      });\n",
    "    });\n",
    "  }\n",
    "\n",
    "  function initLabGrader() {\n",
    "    var grader = document.getElementById('ch05-lab-grader');\n",
    "    if (!grader || grader.dataset.ready === 'true') return;\n",
    "    grader.dataset.ready = 'true';\n",
    "\n",
    "    var identity = getParams();\n",
    "    var actions = grader.querySelector('.ch05-lab-actions');\n",
    "    var result = document.getElementById('ch05-lab-result');\n",
    "    var submit = document.getElementById('ch05-lab-submit');\n",
    "    var reset = document.getElementById('ch05-lab-reset');\n",
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    "    loadSessionIdentity(identity, actions, submit, result);\n",
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    "      clearFeedback(grader);\n",
    "      submit.disabled = true;\n",
    "      result.textContent = 'Submitting code.';\n",
    "\n",
    "      saveAttempt({\n",
    "        lab_id: labId,\n",
    "        code: collectCodeCells(),\n",
    "        canvas_course_id: identity.canvas_course_id,\n",
    "        canvas_assignment_id: identity.canvas_assignment_id,\n",
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    "          applyFeedback(grader, payload.feedback || {});\n",
    "          result.textContent = 'Submission saved.' + attempt + ' Score: ' + payload.score + ' / ' + payload.max_score + '. Best score: ' + best + ' / ' + payload.max_score + '. Canvas sync: ' + payload.canvas_sync_status + '.';\n",
    "        })\n",
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    "          result.textContent = 'Could not save this attempt: ' + error.message;\n",
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